What do the terms 'dodging and burning' relate to in photography?

The terms 'dodging and burning' specifically refer to techniques used in photography to manipulate the exposure of various parts of an image, effectively lightening or darkening areas. Dodging is the process of reducing the exposure to a particular area of the photograph, making it lighter, while burning involves increasing the exposure in areas to make them darker. These techniques originated in the darkroom with traditional film photography but have been effectively translated into digital editing software, allowing photographers to emphasize certain elements in a composition and create a desired mood or effect.

In contrast, the other options discuss unrelated photographic concepts. Increasing frame rates pertains to video and motion capture rather than still photography. Methods for cropping images involve removing portions of a photograph to improve composition but do not influence the exposure. Ways to enhance color vibrancy focus on saturation and contrast of colors rather than the overall lightness or darkness of specific areas within an image. Thus, the technique of dodging and burning is distinct and precisely tied to light manipulation in photography.