What is the primary shape of a stupa?

A stupa is primarily characterized by its dome or mound shape, which has significant symbolic meaning in Buddhist architecture. The dome represents the universe and is often seen as a way to hold relics or sacred objects, serving as a focal point for meditation and worship. The architectural form often consists of a circular base that rises to a hemispherical dome, symbolizing the sky and the cosmos. This design not only reflects religious significance but also offers a visually striking silhouette that is recognizable as part of Buddhist tradition.

Other shapes listed, such as cubic or rectangular, do not accurately describe the traditional structure of a stupa. While rectangles and cubes may be present in other architectural forms, they do not embody the essential qualities and symbolism of the stupa as effectively as the dome or mound.