What is the purpose of varnishing in painting?

Varnishing serves primarily to provide a clear protective coating over a finished painting. This protective layer helps to safeguard the artwork from dust, dirt, and environmental factors such as UV light, which can lead to fading and deterioration over time. Additionally, varnishes can enhance the visual quality of the painting by applying a uniform sheen, thus making the colors appear more vibrant and cohesive.

While enhancing colors and preparing surfaces are essential steps in the painting process, and texture can be manipulated through various techniques, these functions do not align with the specific role of varnish. Instead, varnishing is focused on protection and preservation, ensuring the longevity and integrity of the artwork while enhancing its aesthetic presentation.