Which movement opposed modern mass production and emphasized natural forms?

The Arts and Crafts Movement is the correct choice as it was a response to the negative effects of industrialization and mass production during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This movement emphasized craftsmanship, the use of natural materials, and the importance of design in everyday objects. It advocated for a return to traditional handcrafting techniques and highlighted the value of individual artistic expression. The emphasis on natural forms is evident in the movement’s focus on organic shapes, patterns inspired by nature, and the use of materials that were locally sourced and sustainable.

In contrast, Surrealism emerged in the early 20th century with a focus on dreams and the subconscious, seeking to explore the irrational and the fantastical rather than a critique of mass production. Minimalism, coming in the mid-20th century, focused on simplicity and reduction of form instead of a return to craftsmanship. The Baroque period, on the other hand, was characterized by ornate detail and grandeur, quite distant from the minimalist principles and the ethos of the Arts and Crafts Movement. Each of these movements represents different artistic priorities, but the Arts and Crafts Movement specifically questioned the implications of modern production techniques, aiming instead to create beauty through handcrafted artistry.