Which of the following is a defining characteristic of Islamic art?

The defining characteristic of Islamic art involves the use of brilliant colors, complex forms, and intricate geometric and floral designs. This style is rooted in diverse traditions and reflects the cultural, aesthetic, and religious values of Islamic societies. The emphasis on geometric patterns and arabesques rather than direct representation of living beings is significant due to religious practices, which often discourage the depiction of human figures in religious contexts.

The intricate nature of these designs not only showcases artistic skill but also serves to connect the viewer to the transcendent and divine. While text is certainly important in Islamic art, particularly in calligraphy, it is the combination of vibrant colors and sophisticated, abstract patterns that distinctly characterizes the overall visual tradition. This intricate approach represents both beauty and a deeper philosophical meaning, often conveying a sense of infinity and unity.

The other options do not fully capture the essence of Islamic art. Text plays a role, but it is not solely the primary design element, and the focus on realism is not a hallmark of Islamic art, which typically opts for stylization and abstraction instead. Additionally, Islamic art is deeply intertwined with religious themes and does not limit itself to non-religious subjects.