Which painting technique involves creating a decorative effect by revealing a lower layer of color?

The technique that involves creating a decorative effect by revealing a lower layer of color is known as sgraffito. This method is characterized by the practice of scratching or scraping away the top layer of paint or plaster to expose a contrasting layer beneath it. This can create intricate designs and textures, allowing the artist to manipulate color and form in a visually engaging manner.

Sgraffito is commonly used in various artistic contexts, including pottery and wall murals, and is appreciated for its ability to add depth and complexity to a piece. This technique allows for greater expression and creativity by enabling the interplay of colors rather than solely applying a single layer.

Other techniques listed do not specifically focus on revealing a lower layer of color in this way; for example, dry brushing refers to applying a brush with little paint on a dry brush to create a light texture, while scumbling is the application of a thin layer of lighter, opaque paint over a dried layer to soften it. A graded wash involves applying paint in a gradual transition from dark to light but does not concern itself with revealing layers underneath.