Which principle of design is used to arrange components in a work to highlight specific areas?

The principle of design that focuses on highlighting specific areas within a work is emphasis. Emphasis directs the viewer's attention to particular elements, making them stand out. This is often achieved through various techniques, such as contrast, color, size, or placement. By strategically arranging components to create focal points, artists can guide the viewer's gaze to what is most important in the composition.

In contrast, while the other principles contribute to the overall design, they do not specifically prioritize one area over others in the same way. For instance, contrast deals with the differences between elements to create visual interest but does not inherently highlight a specific area. Pattern refers to the repetition of elements to create a sense of rhythm or unity, and rhythm itself focuses on the movement and flow of the composition rather than highlighting. Thus, emphasis serves a unique role in effective design by ensuring that certain parts of the artwork capture attention.