Which term describes a sculpture that is carved from a mass?

The term that describes a sculpture carved from a mass is "Subtractive Sculpture." This technique involves removing material from a solid block, often stone or wood, to create the desired form. The artist starts with a large piece of material and systematically carves away sections, refining the work until the final sculpture emerges.

This method contrasts with additive sculpture, where material is added to create the sculpture, such as in clay modeling or metal welding. Relief sculpture refers specifically to designs that emerge from a flat background, where figures are partially carved away to create depth, but still rely on the original mass for support. Installation art typically involves creating environments or spaces that engage the viewer in a multifaceted way, rather than focusing on a singular carved form. Therefore, "Subtractive Sculpture" accurately encompasses the process of carving from a solid mass.